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<\/a><\/p>\nThis news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.<\/p>\n
Household Survey Data\r\n\r\nThe unemployment rate edged down to 4.6 percent in October. The number of unemployed \r\npersons, at 7.4 million, continued to trend down. Both measures are down considerably\r\nfrom their highs at the end of the February-April 2020 recession. However, they remain \r\nabove their levels prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 \r\nmillion, respectively, in February 2020). (See table A-1. See the box note at the end\r\nof this news release for more information about how the household survey and its measures\r\nwere affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)\r\n\r\nAmong the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men (4.3 percent) declined\r\nin October. The jobless rates for adult women (4.4 percent), teenagers (11.9 percent),\r\nWhites (4.0 percent), Blacks (7.9 percent), Asians (4.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.9 \r\npercent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)\r\n\r\nAmong the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers, at 2.1 million, changed little\r\nin October but is 828,000 higher than in February 2020. The number of persons on temporary\r\nlayoff, at 1.1 million, was little changed over the month. This measure is down \r\nconsiderably from the high of 18.0 million in April 2020 but is 306,000 above the February\r\n2020 level. (See table A-11.)\r\n\r\nIn October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) \r\ndecreased by 357,000 to 2.3 million but is 1.2 million higher than in February 2020. The \r\nlong-term unemployed accounted for 31.6 percent of the total unemployed in October. \r\n(See table A-12.)\r\n\r\nThe labor force participation rate was unchanged at 61.6 percent in October and has \r\nremained within a narrow range of 61.4 percent to 61.7 percent since June 2020. The \r\nparticipation rate is 1.7 percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-\r\npopulation ratio, at 58.8 percent, was little changed over the month. This measure is up\r\nfrom its low of 51.3 percent in April 2020 but remains below the figure of 61.1 percent in\r\nFebruary 2020. (See table A-1.)\r\n\r\nThe number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.4 million, was little\r\nchanged in October. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were\r\nworking part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-\r\ntime jobs. This measure has essentially returned to its February 2020 level. (See table A-8.)\r\n\r\nThe number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 6.0 million in \r\nOctober, essentially unchanged over the month but up by 968,000 since February 2020. These\r\nindividuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work\r\nduring the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)\r\n\r\nAmong those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally \r\nattached to the labor force was little changed at 1.7 million in October. These individuals\r\nwanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 \r\nmonths but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of \r\ndiscouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were \r\navailable for them, was essentially unchanged over the month at 455,000. (See Summary\r\ntable A.)\r\n\r\nHousehold Survey Supplemental Data\r\n\r\nIn October, 11.6 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,\r\ndown from 13.2 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who \r\nteleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey \r\nspecifically because of the pandemic.\r\n\r\nIn October, 3.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their \r\nemployer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all or\r\nworked fewer hours at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. \r\nThis measure is down from 5.0 million in September. Among those who reported in October that\r\nthey were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 13.3 percent\r\nreceived at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little changed from\r\nthe prior month.\r\n\r\nAmong those not in the labor force in October, 1.3 million persons were prevented from \r\nlooking for work due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 1.6 million in September. \r\n(To be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for\r\nwork or on temporary layoff.)\r\n\r\nThese supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May \r\n2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not \r\nseasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months \r\nare available online at www.bls.gov\/cps\/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.\r\n\r\nEstablishment Survey Data\r\n\r\nTotal nonfarm payroll employment rose by 531,000 in October. Thus far this year, monthly job\r\ngrowth has averaged 582,000. Nonfarm employment has increased by 18.2 million since a recent\r\ntrough in April 2020 but is down by 4.2 million, or 2.8 percent, from its pre-pandemic level\r\nin February 2020. Job growth was widespread in October, with notable job gains occurring in\r\nleisure and hospitality, in professional and business services, in manufacturing, and in \r\ntransportation and warehousing. Employment in public education declined over the month. (See\r\ntable B-1. See the box note at the end of this news release for more information about how\r\nthe establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)\r\n\r\nEmployment in leisure and hospitality increased by 164,000 in October and has risen by 2.4\r\nmillion thus far in 2021. Over the month, employment rose by 119,000 in food services and \r\ndrinking places and by 23,000 in accommodation. Employment in leisure and hospitality is \r\ndown by 1.4 million, or 8.2 percent, since February 2020.\r\n\r\nProfessional and business services added 100,000 jobs in October, including a gain of 41,000\r\nin temporary help services. Employment continued to rise in management and technical \r\nconsulting services (+14,000), other professional and technical services (+9,000), \r\nscientific research and development services (+6,000), and legal services (+5,000). \r\nEmployment in professional and business services is 215,000 below its level in February 2020.\r\n\r\nEmployment in manufacturing increased by 60,000 in October, led by a gain in motor vehicles \r\nand parts (+28,000). Employment also rose in fabricated metal products (+6,000), chemicals \r\n(+6,000), and printing and related support activities (+4,000). Manufacturing employment is \r\ndown by 270,000 since February 2020.\r\n\r\nEmployment in transportation and warehousing increased by 54,000 in October and is 149,000 \r\nabove its February 2020 level. In October, job gains occurred in warehousing and storage \r\n(+20,000), transit and ground passenger transportation (+16,000), air transportation (+9,000),\r\nand truck transportation (+8,000). Employment in couriers and messengers decreased by 5,000\r\nin October, after increasing in the prior 3 months. \r\n\r\nConstruction employment rose by 44,000 in October, following an increase of 30,000 in \r\nSeptember. In October, employment increased in nonresidential specialty trade contractors \r\n(+19,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+12,000). Construction employment\r\nis 150,000 below its February 2020 level.\r\n\r\nHealth care added 37,000 jobs in October, with most of the gain occurring in home health \r\ncare services (+16,000) and nursing care facilities (+12,000). Employment in health care is \r\ndown by 460,000 since February 2020.\r\n\r\nIn October, employment in retail trade rose by 35,000. Employment gains occurred in food and\r\nbeverage stores (+16,000), general merchandise stores (+15,000), health and personal care\r\nstores (+8,000), and electronics and appliance stores (+6,000). These gains were partially \r\noffset by a job loss in building material and garden supply stores (-10,000). Retail trade \r\nemployment is 140,000 lower than its level in February 2020.\r\n\r\nEmployment in the other services industry increased by 33,000 in October, as personal and\r\nlaundry services added 28,000 jobs. Employment in other services is 169,000 below its \r\nFebruary 2020 level. \r\n\r\nEmployment in financial activities rose by 21,000 in October and has returned to its \r\nFebruary 2020 level. Over the month, job growth occurred in real estate and rental and \r\nleasing (+12,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and investments (+11,000). \r\n\r\nEmployment in wholesale trade increased by 14,000 in October, reflecting a gain in the\r\ndurable goods component. Employment in wholesale trade is 158,000 lower than in February\r\n2020.\r\n\r\nMining employment continued to trend up in October (+5,000) but is down by 87,000 from a \r\npeak in January 2019. \r\n\r\nIn October, employment decreased in local government education and state government \r\neducation (-43,000 and -22,000, respectively). Employment changed little in private \r\neducation (+17,000). Recent employment changes in public and private education are \r\nchallenging to interpret, as pandemic-related staffing fluctuations have distorted the normal\r\nseasonal hiring and layoff patterns. Since February 2020, employment is down by 370,000 in\r\nlocal government education, by 205,000 in state government education, and by 148,000 in \r\nprivate education.\r\n\r\nEmployment in information changed little in October (+10,000) but is 122,000 lower than in \r\nFebruary 2020. \r\n\r\nIn October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased\r\nby 11 cents to $30.96, following large increases in the prior 6 months. Over the past 12 \r\nmonths, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.9 percent. In October, average hourly \r\nearnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 10 cents to \r\n$26.26. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)\r\n\r\nThe average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to\r\n34.7 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.3 hours, and\r\novertime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and \r\nnonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. \r\n(See tables B-2 and B-7.)\r\n\r\nThe change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised up by 117,000, from \r\n+366,000 to +483,000, and the change for September was revised up by 118,000, from +194,000\r\nto +312,000. With these revisions, employment in August and September combined is 235,000 \r\nhigher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received\r\nfrom businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the \r\nrecalculation of seasonal factors.)\r\n\r\n_____________\r\nThe Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 3, \r\n2021, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).\r\n\r\n\r\n _______________________________________________________________________________________\r\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n| Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on October 2021 Household |\r\n|\t\t\t and Establishment Survey Data\t\t\t\t|\r\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment \t|\r\n| survey, more data continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the \t|\r\n| pandemic. In the household survey, for the safety of both interviewers and \t\t|\r\n| respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews could |\r\n| not be done. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n| To reflect the net effect of the contribution of business births (openings) and \t|\r\n| deaths (closings) to the establishment survey estimates, BLS uses a model to account |\r\n| for the relatively stable net employment change generated by business births and \t|\r\n| deaths. Beginning with data for March 2020, BLS introduced special adjustments to its |\r\n| birth-death model to better reflect the net contribution of births and deaths during |\r\n| the pandemic. BLS has determined that these adjustments are no longer necessary. \t|\r\n| Therefore, beginning with data for October 2021, BLS reverted back to the methodology |\r\n| used prior to the onset of the pandemic. More information about changes to the \t|\r\n| establishment survey's birth-death model is available at \t\t\t\t|\r\n| www.bls.gov\/web\/empsit\/cesbdqa.htm#qa9. \t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n| As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been \t|\r\n| classified in the household survey as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead \t|\r\n| misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the share of responses that may |\r\n| have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the pandemic and has been |\r\n| considerably lower in recent months. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n| Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of what the unemployment rate might \t|\r\n| have been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. Repeating \t|\r\n| this same approach, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in October 2021 would \t|\r\n| have been 0.1 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the \t|\r\n| upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of |\r\n| the misclassification error. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t|\r\n| More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at |\r\n| www.bls.gov\/covid19\/employment-situation-covid19-faq-october-2021.htm.\t\t|\r\n|_______________________________________________________________________________________|\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\nEmployment Situation Summary Table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Employment Situation Summary Table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Employment Situation Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/p>\n
Employment Situation Technical Note<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization<\/a><\/p>\n
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)<\/a><\/p>\n
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)<\/a><\/p>\n
Access to historical data for the “A” tables of the Employment Situation News Release<\/a><\/p>\n