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<\/a><\/p>\nThis news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
\nmeasures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The
\nestablishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For
\nmore information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys,
\nsee the Technical Note.<\/p>\n
_______________________________________________________________________________________
\n| |
\n| Changes to The Employment Situation Data |
\n| |
\n| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking |
\n| process, the NAICS 2022 conversion, and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. |
\n| Also, household survey data for January 2023 reflect updated population estimates. |
\n| See the notes at the end of this news release for more information. |
\n|_______________________________________________________________________________________|<\/p>\n
Household Survey Data<\/p>\n
Both the unemployment rate, at 3.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 5.7
\nmillion, changed little in January. The unemployment rate has shown little net movement
\nsince early 2022. (See table A-1. See the note at the end of this news release and tables
\nB and C for more information about annual population adjustments to the household survey
\nestimates.)<\/p>\n
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.2 percent), adult
\nwomen (3.1 percent), teenagers (10.3 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.4 percent),
\nAsians (2.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.5 percent) showed little change in January. (See
\ntables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)<\/p>\n
The number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks decreased to 1.9 million in January. The
\nnumber of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially
\nunchanged at 1.1 million. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.4 percent of the total
\nunemployed in January. (See table A-12.)<\/p>\n
In January, both the labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, and the employment-
\npopulation ratio, at 60.2 percent, were unchanged after removing the effects of the annual
\nadjustments to the population controls. These measures have shown little net change since
\nearly 2022 and remain below their pre-pandemic February 2020 levels (63.3 percent and 61.1
\npercent, respectively). (See table A-1. For additional information about the effects of
\nthe population adjustments, see table C.)<\/p>\n
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.1 million, was little
\nchanged in January. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
\nworking part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-
\ntime jobs. (See table A-8.)<\/p>\n
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.3 million in
\nJanuary, little changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as
\nunemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
\nthe survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)<\/p>\n
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally
\nattached to the labor force, at 1.4 million, changed little in January. These individuals
\nwanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
\nmonths but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of
\ndiscouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
\navailable for them, was also little changed over the month at 342,000. (See Summary
\ntable A.)<\/p>\n
Establishment Survey Data<\/p>\n
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 517,000 in January, compared with an average
\nmonthly gain of 401,000 in 2022. Job growth was widespread in January, led by gains in
\nleisure and hospitality, professional and business services, and health care. Employment
\nalso increased in government, partially reflecting the return of workers from a strike.
\n(See table B-1. See the note at the end of this new release and table A for more
\ninformation about the annual benchmark process.)<\/p>\n
Leisure and hospitality added 128,000 jobs in January compared with an average of 89,000
\njobs per month in 2022. Over the month, food services and drinking places added 99,000
\njobs, while employment continued to trend up in accommodation (+15,000). Employment in
\nleisure and hospitality remains below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 495,000,
\nor 2.9 percent.<\/p>\n
In January, employment in professional and business services rose by 82,000, led by gains
\nin professional, scientific, and technical services (+41,000). Job growth in professional
\nand business services averaged 63,000 per month in 2022.<\/p>\n
Government employment increased by 74,000 in January. Employment in state government
\neducation increased by 35,000, reflecting the return of university workers after a
\nstrike.<\/p>\n
Health care added 58,000 jobs in January. Job growth occurred in ambulatory health care
\nservices (+30,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+17,000), and hospitals
\n(+11,000). In 2022, health care added an average of 47,000 jobs per month.<\/p>\n
Employment in retail trade rose by 30,000 in January, following little net growth in
\n2022 (an average of +7,000 per month). In January, job gains in general merchandise
\nretailers (+16,000) and in furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance
\nretailers (+7,000) were partially offset by a decline in health and personal care
\nretailers (-6,000).<\/p>\n
Construction added 25,000 jobs in January, reflecting an employment gain in specialty
\ntrade contractors (+22,000). Employment in the construction industry grew by an average
\nof 22,000 per month in 2022.<\/p>\n
In January, transportation and warehousing added 23,000 jobs, the same as the industry’s
\naverage monthly gain in 2022. Over the month, employment in support activities for
\ntransportation increased by 7,000.<\/p>\n
Employment in social assistance increased by 21,000 in January, little different from
\nthe 2022 average gain of 19,000 per month.<\/p>\n
Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in January (+19,000). In 2022,
\nmanufacturing added an average of 33,000 jobs per month.<\/p>\n
Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including
\nmining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; information;
\nfinancial activities; and other services.<\/p>\n
In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose
\nby 10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $33.03. Over the past 12 months, average hourly
\nearnings have increased by 4.4 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-
\nsector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to
\n$28.26. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)<\/p>\n
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 hour to
\n34.7 hours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek increased by 0.4 hour to
\n40.5 hours, and overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for
\nproduction and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2
\nhour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)<\/p>\n
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 34,000,
\nfrom +256,000 to +290,000, and the change for December was revised up by 37,000, from
\n+223,000 to +260,000. With these revisions, employment gains in November and December
\ncombined were 71,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from
\nadditional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
\npublished estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual
\nbenchmark process also contributed to the November and December revisions.)<\/p>\n
_____________
\nThe Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on
\nFriday, March 10, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).<\/p>\n
Revisions to Establishment Survey Data<\/p>\n
In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have
\nbeen benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2022. These
\ncounts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW),
\nwhich counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. In addition,
\nthe basis for industry classification in the establishment survey has been revised
\nfrom the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to NAICS 2022.
\nApproximately 10 percent of employment was reclassified into different industries as
\na result of the NAICS revision. Implementation of NAICS 2022 resulted in major
\nrevisions reflecting content and coding changes in the retail trade and information
\nsectors, as well as minor revisions within the mining and logging, manufacturing,
\nwholesale trade, financial activities, and other services sectors. Many industry
\ntitles and descriptions were also updated to better reflect official NAICS titles.<\/p>\n
Revisions due to both the NAICS 2022 conversion and the benchmark process affected
\nmore historical data than typical in the annual benchmark process. The NAICS
\nrevisions are reflected for the entire history of affected industries for both
\nseasonally and not seasonally adjusted data. Details of the updated titles and new,
\ndiscontinued, and collapsed industries (and resulting changes to tables B-1 through
\nB-9) are available at www.bls.gov\/web\/empsit\/cesnewseries.htm.<\/p>\n
The total nonfarm employment level for March 2022 was revised upward by 568,000
\n(+506,000 on a not seasonally adjusted basis, or +0.3 percent). The average not
\nseasonally adjusted benchmark revision (in absolute terms) over the past 10 years is
\n0.1 percent.<\/p>\n
The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for March 2022 was revised from
\n+6,425,000 to +7,096,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total
\nnonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2022.<\/p>\n
All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
\nwww.bls.gov\/ces\/data\/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark
\nand post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at
\nwww.bls.gov\/web\/empsit\/cesbmart.htm.<\/p>\n
Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2022, seasonally
\nadjusted
\n(Numbers in thousands)
\n—————————————————————————————
\n| |
\n| Level | Over-the-month change
\n|———————————————————————
\nYear and month | | As | | | As |
\n| As |previously | Difference| As |previously| Difference
\n| revised |published | | revised |published |
\n—————————————————————————————
\n| | | | | |
\n2022 | | | | | |
\n| | | | | |
\nJanuary……… | 150,106 | 149,744 | 362 | 364 | 504 | -140
\nFebruary…….. | 151,010 | 150,458 | 552 | 904 | 714 | 190
\nMarch……….. | 151,424 | 150,856 | 568 | 414 | 398 | 16
\nApril……….. | 151,678 | 151,224 | 454 | 254 | 368 | -114
\nMay…………. | 152,042 | 151,610 | 432 | 364 | 386 | -22
\nJune………… | 152,412 | 151,903 | 509 | 370 | 293 | 77
\nJuly………… | 152,980 | 152,440 | 540 | 568 | 537 | 31
\nAugust………. | 153,332 | 152,732 | 600 | 352 | 292 | 60
\nSeptember……. | 153,682 | 153,001 | 681 | 350 | 269 | 81
\nOctober……… | 154,006 | 153,264 | 742 | 324 | 263 | 61
\nNovember…….. | 154,296 | 153,520 | 776 | 290 | 256 | 34
\nDecember(p)….. | 154,556 | 153,743 | 813 | 260 | 223 | 37
\n—————————————————————————————
\n(p) = preliminary<\/p>\n
Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey<\/p>\n
Effective with data for January 2023, updated population estimates were incorporated
\ninto the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed
\nby the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to
\nreflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the
\nprevious decennial census. The change in population reflected in the new estimates
\nresults from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and
\nimprovements in estimation methodology.<\/p>\n
In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey
\nestimates for December 2022 and earlier months. However, to show the impact of the
\npopulation adjustments, table B displays differences in selected December labor force
\nseries based on the old and new population estimates.<\/p>\n
The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional
\npopulation in December by 954,000, the civilian labor force by 871,000, employment by
\n810,000, and unemployment by 60,000. The number of persons not in the labor force
\nincreased by 82,000. Although the total unemployment rate was unaffected, the
\nemployment-population ratio and labor force participation rate each increased by 0.1
\npercentage point.<\/p>\n
Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the
\ncomparability of household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the
\nintroduction of new population estimates on the change in selected labor force
\nmeasures between December 2022 and January 2023. Additional information on the
\npopulation adjustments and their effect on national labor force estimates is
\navailable at www.bls.gov\/web\/empsit\/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf.<\/p>\n
Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans
\nAffairs population model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with
\nthe release of data for January 2023. Historical data have not been revised.<\/p>\n