{"id":164605,"date":"2023-07-31T10:54:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T17:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/?p=164605"},"modified":"2023-07-31T11:10:17","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T18:10:17","slug":"researchers-discover-key-clue-to-what-causes-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/?p=164605","title":{"rendered":"Researchers Discover Key clue to What Causes Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Adelaide, Australia…Australian cancer researchers have made an important new connection between a person\u2019s cancer risk and the functions of circular RNAs, a recently discovered family of genetic fragments present within our cells.\u00a0 \u00a0A new Flinders University-led study\u00a0<\/span>published in\u00a0Cancer Cell<\/i><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span><\/i>one of the world\u2019s top cancer journals, finds that specific circular RNAs within many of us can stick to the DNA in our cells and cause DNA mutations which result in cancer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Husband and wife Professor Simon Conn and Dr Vanessa Conn\u2019s team at the Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer has been researching the role of circular RNAs in DNA damage and forming cancer genes. Photo courtesy Flinders Foundation.<\/p>\n

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Image: Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWhile environmental and genetic factors have long been believed the major contributors to cancer, this revolutionary finding \u2013 which we call \u2018ER3D\u2019 (from \u2018endogenous RNA directed DNA damage\u2019) \u2013 ushers in an entirely new area of medical and molecular biology research,\u201d says Flinders University\u00a0<\/span>Professor Simon Conn<\/a>, who leads the\u00a0<\/span>Circular RNAs in Cancer Laboratory at the\u00a0<\/span>Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the first example of a genetic molecule present within many of us which has the capacity to mutate our very own DNA and drive cancer from inside. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis opens the door to use these molecules as new therapeutic targets and markers of disease at a very early stage, when the likelihood of curing cancers is much higher.<\/span>\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The research compared the neonatal blood tests or Guthrie cards of babies who went on to develop acute leukemia as infants with children without any blood disorders. This found that one specific circular RNA was present at much higher levels at birth, prior to onset of the symptoms of leukemia. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Husband and wife Professor Simon Conn and Dr Vanessa Conn\u2019s team at the Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer has been researching the role of circular RNAs in DNA damage and forming cancer genes. Photo courtesy Flinders Foundation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The findings suggest it is the abundance of the circular RNA molecules within certain individuals\u2019 cells which is a major determinant for why they develop these specific cancer-causing genes or oncogenes and other do not. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCircular RNAs can bind to DNA at many different locations across a range of cells. By binding to the DNA at specific sites, these circular RNAs cause a number of changes culminating in the breakage of the DNA which the cell must repair in order to survive,\u201d says Professor Conn. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis repair is not always perfect and this can result in small mutations, like a misspelt word within a book, or worse, very, very large and devastating mutations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Blood cancer 3D illustration: Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWith the circular RNAs also able to alter the physical location of the broken DNA within the cell nucleus, two distinct regions of the DNA can be stuck together during the repair process \u2013 like the ripping of two different books and sticking them together.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lead author Dr Vanessa Conn says multiple circular RNAs appear to act in partnership causing breaks at multiple sites in the DNA. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis process, called chromosomal translocation, is a major problem for the cell as it results in gene fusions which can actually convert the cell from a normal cell into a cancerous cell,\u201d she says.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis was demonstrated in two different cell types and it was found that this drove the rapid onset of aggressive leukemia.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The gene fusions arising from the action of these circular RNAs are at well-known \u2018hotspots\u2019 of mutation in the blood cancer leukemia. This is an important consideration in Australia which has the highest incidence of leukemia in the world, with around 35,000 Australians currently living with this disease. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Photo: Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

These gene fusions have been used by doctors around the world for many years in guiding treatment options as they are known to worsen the prognosis for the patient who carries them, the researchers say. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, until now it was unknown how these mutations arose, even though more than 100 known fusions were found in patients.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNot surprisingly, it is not only leukemia where the process of ER3D occurs,\u201d says Dr Conn. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe now have evidence that ER3D is not restricted to leukemia but to other cancers and human diseases,\u201d she says. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Flinders University research team is continuing the study to investigate circular RNAs\u2019 role in cancer and other diseases.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The article,\u00a0<\/span>Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations within the MLL recombinome in leukemia<\/a>\u00a0(2023) by VM Conn, M Gabryelska, J Toubia, K Kirk, L Gantley, JA Powell, G Cildir, S Marri, R Liu, BW Stringer, S Townley, ST Webb, H Lin, SE Samaraweera, S Bailey, AS Moore, M Maybury, D Liu, AD Colella, T Chataway, CT Wallington-Gates, L Walters, J Sibbons, LA Selth, V Tergaonkar, RJ D\u2019Andrea, SM Pitson, GJ Goodall and SJ Conn has been published in\u00a0<\/span>Cancer Cell<\/i><\/a>\u00a0DOI: 10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.05.002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.05.002<\/a><\/p>\n

This study involved research groups from Flinders University, the University of South Australia, University of Adelaide, SA Pathology, University of Queensland, Children\u2019s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service and A*STAR (Singapore).\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Acknowledgements<\/span><\/b>: The research was supported by the\u00a0<\/span>National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC),\u00a0<\/span>Australian Research Council (ARC), Flinders Foundation, Ray & Shirl Norman Cancer Research Trust, Health Services Charitable Gifts Board and Cancer Council.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adelaide, Australia…Australian cancer researchers have made an important new connection between a person\u2019s cancer risk and the functions of circular RNAs, a recently discovered family of genetic fragments present within our cells.\u00a0 \u00a0A new Flinders University-led study\u00a0published in\u00a0Cancer Cell,\u00a0one of the world\u2019s top cancer journals, finds that specific circular RNAs within many of us can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":164606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,33,4,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-164605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-health-fitness","category-life-style","category-news","last_archivepost"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Conn-Vanessa-and-Simon-Enhanced-NR.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=164605"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164609,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164605\/revisions\/164609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/164606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=164605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=164605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thepinetree.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=164605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}