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<\/p>\nWashington, DC….Economy Added 225,000 Non-Farm Jobs in January. Construction, Health Care, Transportation & Warehousing Lead Way. Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 225,000 in January, and the unemployment rate was little changed at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in construction, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
\nsurveys, see the Technical Note.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
___________________________________________________________________________________
\n| \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n| Changes to The Employment Situation Data\t\t |
\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual |
\n| benchmarking process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. In |
\n| addition, several changes have been made to household survey data, including |
\n| the annual update of population estimates. See the notes at the end of the |
\n| news release for more information. |
\n|___________________________________________________________________________________|<\/p>\n
Household Survey Data<\/p>\n
Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at
\n5.9 million, changed little in January. (See table A-1. For information about annual
\npopulation adjustments to the household survey estimates, see the note at the end of
\nthe news release and tables B and C.)<\/p>\n
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.3 percent),
\nadult women (3.2 percent), teenagers (12.2 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks
\n(6.0 percent), Asians (3.0 percent), and Hispanics (4.3 percent) showed little or
\nno change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)<\/p>\n
Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force increased by
\n183,000 in January to 1.8 million but was little changed over the year. (Reentrants
\nare persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning
\ntheir job search.) (See table A-11.)<\/p>\n
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2 million,
\nwas unchanged in January. These individuals accounted for 19.9 percent of the unemployed.
\n(See table A-12.)<\/p>\n
After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, the civilian
\nlabor force rose by 574,000 in January, and the labor force participation rate edged
\nup by 0.2 percentage point to 63.4 percent. The employment-population ratio, at 61.2
\npercent, changed little over the month but was up by 0.5 percentage point over the year.
\n(See table A-1. For additional information about the effects of the population adjustments,
\nsee table C.)<\/p>\n
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.2 million, was
\nessentially unchanged in January. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
\nemployment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were
\nunable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)<\/p>\n
The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.3 million, changed
\nlittle in January. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available
\nfor work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted
\nas unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey
\nfor a variety of reasons, such as belief that no jobs are available for them (referred
\nto as discouraged workers), school attendance, or family responsibilities. Discouraged
\nworkers numbered 337,000 in January, little changed over the month. (See Summary table A.)<\/p>\n
Establishment Survey Data<\/p>\n
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 225,000 in January, compared with an
\naverage monthly gain of 175,000 in 2019. Notable job gains occurred in construction,
\nin health care, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. For information
\nabout the annual benchmark process, see the note at the end of the news release and table A.)<\/p>\n
In January, construction employment rose by 44,000. Most of the gain occurred in specialty
\ntrade contractors, with increases in both the residential (+18,000) and nonresidential
\n(+17,000) components. Construction added an average of 12,000 jobs per month in 2019. <\/p>\n
Health care added 36,000 jobs in January, with gains in ambulatory health care services
\n(+23,000) and hospitals (+10,000). Health care has added 361,000 jobs over the past 12 months. <\/p>\n
Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 28,000 in January. Job gains
\noccurred in couriers and messengers (+14,000) and in warehousing and storage (+6,000).
\nOver the year, employment in transportation and warehousing has increased by 106,000. <\/p>\n
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in January (+36,000). Over
\nthe past 6 months, the industry has added 288,000 jobs. <\/p>\n
Employment continued on an upward trend in professional and business services in January
\n(+21,000), increasing by 390,000 over the past 12 months. <\/p>\n
Manufacturing employment changed little in January (-12,000) and has shown little movement,
\non net, over the past 12 months. Motor vehicles and parts lost 11,000 jobs over the month. <\/p>\n
Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, retail trade,
\ninformation, financial activities, and government, changed little over the month.<\/p>\n
In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
\n7 cents to $28.44. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
\n3.1 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
\nwere $23.87 in January, little changed over the month (+3 cents). (See tables B-3 and B-8.)<\/p>\n
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3
\nhours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained at 40.4 hours, while
\novertime edged down 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek of private-sector production
\nand nonsupervisory employees edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)<\/p>\n
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 5,000 from
\n+256,000 to +261,000, and the change for December was revised up by 2,000 from +145,000 to
\n+147,000. With these revisions, employment gains in November and December combined were
\n7,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports
\nreceived from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from
\nthe recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to the
\nNovember and December revisions.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 211,000 over the
\nlast 3 months. <\/p>\n
_____________
\nThe Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on
\nFriday, March 6, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).<\/p>\n
____________________________________________________________________________________
\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n| Changes to Household Survey Data \t\t\t\t |
\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n| Effective with this news release, two not seasonally adjusted series previously |
\n| displayed in Summary table A–persons marginally attached to the labor force and |
\n| discouraged workers–have been replaced with new seasonally adjusted series. The |
\n| new seasonally adjusted series are available in the BLS online database back to |
\n| 1994. Not seasonally adjusted data for persons marginally attached to the labor |
\n| force and for discouraged workers will continue to be published in table A-16. |
\n| These series are also available in the BLS online database back to 1994. |
\n| |
\n| Persons marginally attached to the labor force and discouraged workers are |
\n| inputs into three alternative measures of labor underutilization displayed in |
\n| table A-15. Effective with this news release, data for U-4, U-5, and U-6 in |
\n| table A-15 reflect the new seasonally adjusted series. Changes to historical |
\n| data were negligible. Revised data back to 1994 are available in the BLS online |
\n| database. Not seasonally adjusted series for the alternative measures are |
\n| unaffected.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n| Effective with data for January 2020, occupation estimates in table A-13 |
\n| reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupation classification system |
\n| into the household survey. This occupation classification system is derived |
\n| from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Historical |
\n| data have not been revised. Beginning with data for January 2020, occupation |
\n| estimates are not strictly comparable with earlier years. |
\n| |
\n| In addition, industry estimates in table A-14 reflect the introduction of the |
\n| 2017 Census industry classification system, which is derived from the 2017 |
\n| North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The classification |
\n| changes are minor and do not involve re-classification of industries between |
\n| the broader industry sectors. |
\n|\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n| Beginning with data for January 2020, marital status estimates are not strictly |
\n| comparable with earlier years. Estimates of married persons now refer to those |
\n| in opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to January 2020, these estimates |
\n| referred only to those in opposite-sex marriages. Persons with a same-sex\t |
\n| spouse were previously classified in other marital status categories, such as |
\n| “women who maintain families.” These changes affect marital status estimates in |
\n| tables A-9 and A-10. (Note that not all marital status categories are presented |
\n| in these tables. BLS has not separately tabulated estimates for persons with an |
\n| opposite-sex spouse and persons with a same-sex spouse.) Historical data have |
\n| not been revised.\t\t\t\t\t\t |
\n|____________________________________________________________________________________|<\/p>\n
Revisions to Establishment Survey Data<\/p>\n
In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today
\nhave been benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2019.
\nThese counts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
\n(QCEW), which counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The
\nbenchmark process results in revisions to not seasonally adjusted data from April 2018
\nforward. BLS revised seasonally adjusted data from January 2015 forward. In addition,
\nboth seasonally adjusted and unadjusted data for some series incorporate other
\nrevisions prior to 2015. <\/p>\n
The total nonfarm employment level for March 2019 was revised downward by 514,000
\n(-505,000 on a not seasonally adjusted basis), or -0.3 percent. The absolute average
\nbenchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.2 percent. <\/p>\n
The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2019 was revised from
\n+2,108,000 to +2,096,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm
\nemployment data on a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2019.<\/p>\n
All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
\nwww.bls.gov\/ces\/data\/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark
\nand post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at
\nwww.bls.gov\/web\/empsit\/cesbmart.htm.<\/p>\n
Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2019, seasonally
\nadjusted
\n(Numbers in thousands)
\n—————————————————————————————
\n | |
\n | Level | Over-the-month change
\n |———————————————————————
\n Year and month | | As | | | As |
\n | As |previously | Difference| As |previously| Difference
\n | revised |published | | revised |published |
\n—————————————————————————————
\n | | | | | |
\n 2019 | | | | | |
\n | | | | | |
\nJanuary……… | 150,134 | 150,587 | -453 | 269 | 312 | -43
\nFebruary…….. | 150,135 | 150,643 | -508 | 1 | 56 | -55
\nMarch……….. | 150,282 | 150,796 | -514 | 147 | 153 | -6
\nApril……….. | 150,492 | 151,012 | -520 | 210 | 216 | -6
\nMay…………. | 150,577 | 151,074 | -497 | 85 | 62 | 23
\nJune………… | 150,759 | 151,252 | -493 | 182 | 178 | 4
\nJuly………… | 150,953 | 151,418 | -465 | 194 | 166 | 28
\nAugust………. | 151,160 | 151,637 | -477 | 207 | 219 | -12
\nSeptember……. | 151,368 | 151,830 | -462 | 208 | 193 | 15
\nOctober……… | 151,553 | 151,982 | -429 | 185 | 152 | 33
\nNovember…….. | 151,814 | 152,238 | -424 | 261 | 256 | 5
\nDecember(p)….. | 151,961 | 152,383 | -422 | 147 | 145 | 2
\n—————————————————————————————
\n (p) = preliminary.<\/p>\n
Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey<\/p>\n
Effective with data for January 2020, updated population estimates were incorporated into
\nthe household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the
\nU.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new
\ninformation and assumptions about the growth of the population since the previous decennial
\ncensus. The change in population reflected in the new estimates results from adjustments
\nfor net international migration, updated vital statistics, and estimation methodology
\nimprovements. <\/p>\n
In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates
\nfor December 2019 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments,
\nhowever, differences in selected December 2019 labor force series based on the old and new
\npopulation estimates are shown in table B.<\/p>\n
The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in
\nDecember by 811,000, the civilian labor force by 524,000, employment by 507,000, and
\nunemployment by 17,000. The number of persons not in the labor force was decreased by 287,000.
\nThe total unemployment rate, employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate
\nwere unaffected.<\/p>\n
Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability
\nof household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new
\npopulation estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2019
\nand January 2020. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on
\nnational labor force estimates is available at
\nwww.bls.gov\/web\/empsit\/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. <\/p>\n
Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans Affairs’
\npopulation model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with the release of
\ndata for January 2020. Historical data have not been revised.<\/p>\n